the nine schools of thought, philosophical schools of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770-220 BC), viz Confucians 儒家, Daoists 道家, Yin and Yang 阴阳家, Legalists 法家, Logicians 名家, Mohists 墨家, Diplomats 纵横家, Miscellaneous 杂家, and Agriculturalists 农家